PAPP-A (Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A)

PAPP-A (Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A) is a protein produced by the placenta during pregnancy. This test is mainly used as part of first-trimester prenatal screening, typically between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation, to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 13. Low levels of PAPP-A may also be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and placental insufficiency. The test is usually interpreted along with free β-hCG levels, ultrasound findings (nuchal translucency), maternal age, and gestational age.